Skip to main content
Log in

Study of EMI-Based Damage Type Identification in a Cracked Metallic Specimen Repaired by a Composite Patch

  • ELECTROMAGNETIC METHODS
  • Published:
Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Using adhesively bonded composite patch repairs has been increased in various industries to improve the structural integrity of cracked metallic structures in recent decades. Monitoring of crack propagation and composite patch debonding, as two dominant failure mechanisms in this repair technique, plays a significant role in the integrity assessment of the component. This research conducts an experimental investigation on the simultaneous monitoring of these two failure mechanisms in a cracked metallic specimen repaired by a composite patch. For this purpose, the electromechanical impedance method was used to evaluate the feasibility of recognizing the type of damage at any phase of total damage propagation process. Two piezoelectric sensors were implemented, one mounted on the metal and the other on the composite patch. Investigation of impedance spectrums and damage index trends showed that debonding and crack propagation produce different effects on the measurements made by sensors. These differences were used as a basis of identifying the type of damage. As a result, some features were introduced to classify the type of damage in each step of damage propagation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 9.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Ricci, F., Franco, F., and Montefusco, N., Bonded composite patch repairs on cracked aluminum plates: theory, modeling and experiments, Adv. Compos. Mater. Anal. InTech, 2011, pp. 445–464.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Baker, A.A., Repair efficiency in fatigue-cracked aluminium components reinforced with boron/epoxy patches, Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct., 1993, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 753–765.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Boller, C., Chang, F.-K., and Fujino, Y., Encyclopedia of Structural Health Monitoring, Wiley, 2009.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  4. Farrar, C.R. and Worden, K., An introduction to structural health monitoring, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci., 2007, vol. 365, no. 1851, pp. 303–315.

  5. Doebling, S.W., Farrar, C.R., and Prime, M.B., A summary review of vibration-based damage identification methods, Shock Vib. Dig., 1998, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 91–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Na, W. and Baek, J., A review of the piezoelectric electromechanical impedance based structural health monitoring technique for engineering structures, Sensors, 2018, vol. 18, no. 5, p. 1307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Park, G., Sohn, H., Farrar, C.R., and Inman, D. J., Overview of piezoelectric impedance-based health monitoring and path forward, Shock Vib. Dig., 2003, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 451–464.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Giurgiutiu, V., Structural Health Monitoring: with Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors, Academic Press, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Soh, C.-K., Yang, Y., and Bhalla, S., Smart Materials in Structural Health Monitoring, Control and Biomechanics, Springer, 2012.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  10. Sohn, H. et al., A Review of Structural Health Monitoring Literature: 1996–2001, Los Alamos: Los Alamos Natl. Lab., 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Chaudhry, Z.A., Joseph, T., Sun, F.P., and Rogers, C.A., Local-area health monitoring of aircraft via piezoelectric actuator/sensor patches, in Smart Structures & Materials’ 95, 1995, pp. 268–276.

  12. Ayres, T., Chaudhry, Z., and Rogers, C., Localized health monitoring of civil infrastructure via piezoelectric actuator/sensor patches, in Proc. SPIE’s 1996 Symp. Smart Struct. Integr. Syst., 1996, vol. 2719, pp. 123–131.

  13. Giurgiutiu, V. and Rogers, C.A., Electro-mechanical (E/M) impedance method for structural health monitoring and non-destructive evaluation, Struct. Heal. Monit. Status Perspect., 1997, pp. 18–20.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Giurgiutiu, V. and Zagrai, A.N., Characterization of piezoelectric wafer active sensors, J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 2000, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 959–976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Giurgiutiu, V., Zagrai, A., and Bao, J.J., Piezoelectric wafer embedded active sensors for aging aircraft structural health monitoring, Struct. Heal. Monit., 2002, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 41–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Brigman, N.N.A., Structural Health Monitoring in Commercial Aviation, Massachusetts Inst. Technol., 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Farrar, C.R. and Lieven, N.A.J., Damage prognosis: the future of structural health monitoring, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci., 2007, vol. 365, no. 1851, pp. 623–632.

  18. Lalande, F., Rogers, C.A., Childs, B.W., and Chaudhry, Z.A., High-frequency impedance analysis for NDE of complex precision parts, in 1996 Symp.Smart Struct. Mater., 1996, pp. 237–243.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Quattrone, R., Berman, J., and Kamphaus, J., Upgrade and monitoring of unreinforced masonry structures using fiber reinforced polymers, Plast. Build. Constr., 1998, vol. 22, pp. 9–12.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Giurgiutiu, V. and Zagrai, A.N., Electro-mechanical impedance method for crack detection in metallic plates, in 6th Annu. Int. Symp. NDE Health Monit. Diagn., 2001, pp. 131–142.

  21. Zagrai, A.N. and Giurgiutiu, V., Electro-mechanical impedance method for crack detection in thin wall structures, in 3rd Int. Workshop Struct. Health Monit., 2001, pp. 12–14.

  22. Hoshyarmanesh, H. and Abbasi, A., Structural health monitoring of rotary aerospace structures based on electromechanical impedance of integrated piezoelectric transducers, J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 2018, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1799–1817.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Hoon, T., Toshihiko, M., Tang, C.K., and Chiu, W.K., Fatigue crack detection using piezoelectric elements, in Struct. Integr. Fract. Int. Conf. (SIF’04), 2004, pp. 137–142.

  24. Cavalini, A. A., Jr, Neto, R.M.F., and Steffen, V., Jr, Electromechanical Impedance Based Crack Detection for a Rotating Machine, in Topics in Modal Analysis I, Springer, 2014, vol. 7, pp. 31–40.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Chung, J., Monitoring the Integrity of Composite Patch Structural Repair via Piezoelectric Actuators/Sensors, 1995.

  26. Xu, Y.G. and Liu, G.R., A modified electro-mechanical impedance model of piezoelectric actuator-sensors for debonding detection of composite patches, J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 2002, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 389–396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Bois, C. and Hochard, C., Monitoring of laminated composites delamination based on electro-mechanical impedance measurement, J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 2004, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 59–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Zhu, J., Wang, Y., and Qing, X., A real-time electromechanical impedance-based active monitoring for composite patch bonded repair structure, Compos. Struct., 2019, vol. 212, pp. 513–523.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Hosseini-Toudeshky, H., Mohammadi, B., and Bakhshandeh, S., Crack trajectory analysis of single-side repaired thin panels in mixed-mode conditions using glass/epoxy patches, Comput. Struct., 2008, vol. 86, no. 9, pp. 997–1005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Hosseini-Toudeshky, H., Mohammadi, B., and Bakhshandeh, S., Mixed-mode fatigue crack growth of thin aluminium panels with single-side repair using experimental and numerical methods, Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct., 2007, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 629–639.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Hosseini-Toudeshky, H., Mohammadi, B., Sadeghi, G., and Daghyani, H.R., Numerical and experimental fatigue crack growth analysis in mode-I for repaired aluminum panels using composite material, Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 2007, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 1141–1148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Hosseini-Toudeshky, H., Bakhshandeh, S., Mohammadi, B., and Daghyani, H.R., Experimental investigations on fatigue crack growth of repaired thick aluminium panels in mixed-mode conditions, Compos. Struct., 2006, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 437–443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Zagrai, A.N., Piezoelectric-Wafer Active Sensor Electro-Mechanical Impedance Structural Health Monitoring, Univ. South Carolina, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Amir Hossein Keshvari Fard.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Amir Hossein Keshvari Fard, Ghasemi, R. & Mohammadi, B. Study of EMI-Based Damage Type Identification in a Cracked Metallic Specimen Repaired by a Composite Patch. Russ J Nondestruct Test 56, 540–548 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061830920060054

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061830920060054

Keywords:

Navigation